What does spinning do to your body?

What is spinning?

These days, walking into a gym expecting to see at least a few spinning bikes is a safe bet. These stationary bikes may look like the indoor equivalent of cycling, but they can offer a far more intense workout in many ways. Research suggests that spinning may be even more beneficial than ordinary bicycling for physical fitness, blood constituents, and body composition.

While you can choose to cycle on your own, most gyms also offer spinning classes. Typically, these classes last up to an hour, and an instructor sets the pace. You can adjust the tension to make pedalling use more energy, which imitates the uphill or downhill motions of outdoor cycling.

Many people enjoy spinning classes for the motivation provided by the instructor. Classes are normally set to music, and it's also not uncommon for people to go primarily for the fun atmosphere.

Whatever your motivation, spinning can be an effective way to improve your fitness and build your leg muscles. It can also help you to manage your weight if this is your goal.

What happens to your body during spinning?

"Spinning is an effective, low-impact way of improving fitness and helping to manage weight," says personal trainer Laura Williams.

"Your lower body muscles (quadriceps, hamstrings and glutes) all work hard during a spinning session, while standing during a session means your upper body and core all play a role too."

These leg muscles are some of the largest in your body, which means you're exerting a lot of energy. This kind of high-intensity workout burns a lot of calories and builds up these muscles, which can result in legs that have less fat and are more toned.

Exercise bikes also have a weighted disc called a flywheel attached to each pedal. As you pedal, this speeds up and stores the rotational energy that you generate, which gives you momentum. Heavier flywheels require an exertion of energy to get them moving quickly, increasing the workout intensity.

Williams points out the added benefits of spinning with weights: "Even small weights can add to intensity, helping to strengthen upper and lower body muscles even more. They will also help elevate the heart rate further, which will continue to increase cardiovascular fitness over time."

What are the main benefits of spinning?

Spinning builds muscle

The most obvious benefit of spinning is toned leg muscles. This happens as our body composition improves and the ratio of fat decreases and muscle mass increases. As we exercise, our engaged muscles get micro-tears. A natural process called muscle protein synthesis then occurs, repairing and rebuilding the muscles to better adapt them which increases muscle mass.

Spinning may also help to tone your back and upper body because the position you need to maintain on a spin bike creates some exertion on the muscles in these regions.

Spinning decreases fat mass

Engaging these muscles means we use a lot of energy during spinning. Many spin classes incorporate high-intensity interval training (HIIT) which is believed to increase how many calories you burn. This involves alternating between heavy and less heavy resistance pedalling, so your heart rate changes throughout the class.

Losing weight isn't synonymous with being healthy. However, if you have a lot of excess body fat you might be at greater risk of developing health complications such as type 2 diabetes.

Spinning improves heart health

Spinning can be a great cardiovascular workout. That is to say, our hearts have to work harder during a spinning session which can improve our overall heart health. With regular spinning, our muscles become more efficient at drawing oxygen from our blood, which decreases the physical demand on the heart over time.

Research has found that people who cycle are less likely to have heart problems than those who don't, including heart attacks and heart disease.

This is because regular spinning can lower blood pressure, lower stress hormones and raise our 'good' cholesterol. This decreases the risk of inflammation in the body and reduces our chance of developing type 2 diabetes.

One study has also found that one hour of spinning triggers the release of blood chemicals associated with heart stress or changes. The research suggests that these could lead to blood vessel renewal and repair.