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Springing into allergy season

Spring brings the promise of brighter, longer days spent among blooming flowers and lush greenery. While this thought might bring a smile to your face, if you have rinite alérgica spring also marks the beginning of allergy season - and its struggles.

According to Margaret Kelman, specialist allergy nurse at Allergy UK, hay fever is a very common allergy that affects up to 15% of children and 26% of adults in the UK.

"It is a seasonal form of allergic rhinitis, where the nose lining becomes inflamed," she explains.

This happens in certain people who have an over-sensitivity to pollen - the fine powder made by flowers, plants, or trees that can drift through the air in high quantities during spring and summer. In people with hay fever, pollen is an allergen that triggers an sistema imunológico response, where cells lining the nose and eyes release chemicals to fight what the body perceives as a threatening foreign substance.

It is this immune response that causes the symptoms of hay fever that irritate and inconvenience so many people each year.

"The main areas affected are the nose, throat, and eyes as these are connected by the same tubes," says Kelman.

Common symptoms of hay fever include:

• Runny nose.

• Itchy nose.

• Nariz entupido.

• Itchy throat.

• Itchy eyes.

• Watery eyes.

• Espirros.

• Asthma symptoms such as falta de ar e chiado - for people with asthma, hay fever season can make symptoms worse.

You may find that you experience hay fever at different times than other people. This is because there are three types of pollen that peak at different times over the summer months. You could be allergic to one, two, or all three pollen types if you're really unlucky.

These pollen seasons can vary from one year to the next depending on the weather.

Of course, the most effective way to avoid hay fever would be to avoid being outside and around pollen. However, it is almost impossible to avoid pollen totally and no one wants to be cooped up inside for weeks on end.

What you can do is keep track of the pollen count during these months. With TV, radio, and newspaper coverage this is relatively easy to do over spring and summer. You can also check the current pollen forecast online. A pollen count of over 50 is considered high.

Hay fever tablets are a common, fast-acting, and highly effective option for treating most hay fever symptoms. Hay fever tablets are anti-histamínicos, working by blocking the chain reaction that happens when your body releases the chemical 'histamine' as part of its symptom-inducing immune response to pollen.

While hay fever tablets can be used for immediate symptom relief, they are also an effective pre-treatment. If you regularly experience hay fever and know the time of year your symptoms kick in, start taking hay fever tablets early.

"Taking hay fever tablets every day for one to two weeks before the season starts is ideal," says Kelman. "Although for some people this isn’t always easy to predict."

This is because once your allergic reaction to pollen starts, it's harder to stop. A chain reaction occurs where more inflammatory cells are sent to your nose where the pollen lodges, causing your symptoms to become more severe.

By starting antihistamines such as hay fever tablets a few weeks early, you can effectively block this reaction before it begins. For some people, this may prevent symptoms entirely. For others, it at least limits irritation and could help to prevent an asthma flare-up.

When are hay fever tablets the right choice?

Kelman explains that hay fever tablets are antihistamines, meaning they can both prevent and ease itchiness and runny symptoms in your nose, eyes, and throat.

"However, they are unable to treat congestion - a blocked and stuffy nose and sinuses," she says. "For this, you'll need to use a spray nasal de esteroide."

Many steroid nasal sprays are available over-the-counter. They work best when treatment is started ahead of hay fever season - around four weeks in advance - to allow time for the cells to turn off the chemicals that trigger inflammation.

There are several other forms of hay fever medicine, including syrups, eye drops, antihistamine sprays, and - in very severe cases - injections.

"It's always worth asking your pharmacist what they recommend for your symptoms and allergy level," Kelman advises. "Especially if over-the-counter hay fever tablets aren't working within a few days of regular use."