What is HMPV?

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was first identified in the Netherlands in 2001 - making it a relatively new virus compared to many others.

Dr Layla Eagles, Private GP, Wellsoon from Practice Plus Group, UK explains that HMPV is a common respiratory virus that belongs to the same viral family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

RSV is a leading cause of colds and respiratory illnesses - which affect your lungs and breathing - during winter.

In many cases, symptoms of HMPV may be mild - similar to those of the resfriado comum.

The number of HMPV infections in the UK has steadily increased since Autumn 2024.

According to the UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA), by 19th January 2025, around 5% of people tested for respiratory illnesses tested positive for HMPV.

"HMPV has been identified as being present across the world," she says. "The exact number of cases is unknown as testing is only carried out if a person is admitted to hospital due to their symptoms."

Most people with HMPV will have a mild illness that gets better on its own. However, certain people may develop more severe symptoms.

Eagles explains: "HMPV can make some people more unwell - particularly very young children and older adults."

She adds that HMPV may have serious effects on those with weakened immune systems, or other health conditions such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma.

Will it cause another lockdown?

Unlike COVID-19, HMPV is not a new virus. It has been circulating globally for decades, meaning there is likely some immunity in the general population from previous exposure.

HMPV spreads from an infected person to others in a variety of ways.

Eagles outlines the most common methods:

• Direct contact with an infected person.

• Droplets from coughing or sneezing.

• Touching a contaminated surface.

There are currently no clinically approved vaccines or medicines to specifically treat HMPV.

Eagles says that the symptoms of this virus can be eased using simple, over-the-counter remedies - such as paracetamol - whilst resting and remaining well hydrated.

"Antibiotics will not help," she adds.

The time between exposure and onset of HMPV symptoms is around three to six days.

"This means you are potentially contagious for up to six days," Eagles explains. "However, there are no formal recommendations for exclusion from school or work."

Symptoms from an HMPV infection can last from seven to ten days.

While there is no indication that HMPV will reach the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains important to understand how viruses can affect your health and the health of others. Simple measures, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, practicing good hygiene, and staying rested and hydrated if you become infected, can all support prevention and recovery.