Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia
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Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia (IOSCA) is a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system. Babies with IOSCA develop normally during the first year of life. During early childhood, however, they begin experiencing difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia); very weak muscle tone (hypotonia); involuntary writhing movements of the limbs (athetosis); and decreased reflexes. By their teenage years affected individuals require wheelchair assistance.
Descrição
Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia (IOSCA) is a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system. Babies with IOSCA develop normally during the first year of life. During early childhood, however, they begin experiencing difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia); very weak muscle tone (hypotonia); involuntary writhing movements of the limbs (athetosis); and decreased reflexes. By their teenage years affected individuals require wheelchair assistance.
People with IOSCA often develop problems with the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary body functions. As a result, they may experience excessive sweating, difficulty controlling urination, and severe constipation.
IOSCA also leads to vision and hearing problems that begin by about age 7. Children with this disorder develop weakness in the muscles that control eye movement (ophthalmoplegia). In their teenage years they experience degeneration of the nerves that carry information from the eyes to the brain (optic atrophy), which can result in vision loss. Hearing loss caused by nerve damage (sensorineural hearing loss) typically occurs during childhood and progresses to profound deafness.
Individuals with IOSCA may have recurrent seizures (epilepsy). These seizures can lead to severe brain dysfunction (encephalopathy).
Most people with IOSCA survive into adulthood. However, a few individuals with IOSCA have an especially severe form of the disorder involving liver damage and encephalopathy that develops during early childhood. These children do not generally live past age 5.
Padrões de herança
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal recessive. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
IOSCA
Ohaha syndrome
Ophthalmoplegia, hypotonia, ataxia, hypacusis, and athetosis
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
Doença celíaca
Turner syndrome. Sintomas de coeliac disease in babies incluir: O bebê que não consegue crescer ou ganhar peso. Pale and bulky poo (faeces). Coeliac disease tends to be under-diagnosed. Persistent, unexplained abnormal liver function tests. Unexplained ataxia, that could be gluten ataxia. (Ataxia is a rare brain condition which causes problems with.
Patient information leaflet
Neuropatia periférica
The damage means that the messages that travel between your central and peripheral nervous system are disrupted. Types of peripheral neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy can be divided into: Acute per... Hereditary diseases Certain diseases that you can inherit from your parents can cause peripheral neuropathy. Two of the most common of these are.
Patient information leaflet
Hiponatremia
What is it hyponatraemia. Hyponatraemia can be... These include infants who are taking formula which has not been made up correctly, and elderly people who may be less likely to express thirst and who may be taking medicines which cause hiponatremia as a side-effect, or suffer from medical conditions associated with hiponatremia (eg, kidney or.
Patient information leaflet
Catapora em crianças
Full recovery é usual in children aged under 12 years. Serious complications are rare but are more likely to occur in children with a poor immune system, such as those on chemotherapy. What is chickenpox. Catapora é uma infecção causada pelo vírus varicela-zóster. Most children have chickenpox at some stage. Most commonly, children get.
Patient information leaflet
Contato com catapora na gravidez
This is sometimes serious. About 1 in 100 grávidas women who develop chickenpox-related pneumonia die of this serious infection. Inflamação cerebral (encefalite) e ataxia (problems com co-ordination de movements) are uncommon but very serious complications. Vary rarely, other serious complications develop. For example: inflammation of the.
Patient information leaflet
Catapora em adultos e adolescentes
What is chickenpox. The chickenpox infection is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The immune system makes proteins called antibodies during the infection. Inflammation of the lung (pneumonia) is a complication affecting about ... People who smoke are more likely to get this. Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and ataxia (problems.
Leitura adicional e referências
- Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- El-Hattab AW, Craigen WJ, Wong LJC, Scaglia F. Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance Defects Overview. 2018 Mar 8. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK487393/
- Hakonen AH, Goffart S, Marjavaara S, Paetau A, Cooper H, Mattila K, Lampinen M, Sajantila A, Lonnqvist T, Spelbrink JN, Suomalainen A. Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia and mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome are associated with neuronal complex I defect and mtDNA depletion. Hum Mol Genet. 2008 Dec 1;17(23):3822-35. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn280. Epub 2008 Sep 5.
- Lonnqvist T, Paetau A, Valanne L, Pihko H. Recessive twinkle mutations cause severe epileptic encephalopathy. Brain. 2009 Jun;132(Pt 6):1553-62. doi: 10.1093/brain/awp045. Epub 2009 Mar 20.
- Lopriore P, Unluturk Z, Klopstock T, Karaa A, Rouzier C, Dominguez-Gonzalez C, Lamperti C, Mancuso M; Twinkle-Related Disorders International Consortium for Trial Readiness (TReDIC); Cecchi G, Montano V, Siciliano G, Nicoletta V, Maioli M, Primiano G, Servidei S, La Morgia C, Carelli V, Valentino ML, Caporali L, Arena IG, Musumeci O, Lopergolo D, Malandrini A, Gallus GN, Filosto M, Bello L, Pegoraro E, Comi GP, Magri F, Ronchi D, Di Fonzo A, Percetti M, Azzimonti M, Buchner B, Prokisch H, Bermejo-Guerrero L, Procaccio V, Gaignard P, Echaniz-Laguna A, Schiff M, Rotig A, Toutain A, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Morel G, Robin S, Nadaj-Pakleza A, Chanson JB, Chaussenot A, Ait-El-Mkadem Saadi S, Trimouille A, Tranchant C, Salort-Campana E, Bieth E, Sacconi S, Duval F, Restrepo Vera JL, Molnar MJ, Vissing J, Haas R, Larson A, Enns GM, Parikh S, Goldstein A, Hirano M. Clinical and Genotypic Spectrum of Twinkle-Related Disorders: Insights From a Multinational Cohort Study. Neurology. 2026 Feb 10;106(3):e214401. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000214401. Epub 2026 Jan 15.
- Nikali K, Suomalainen A, Saharinen J, Kuokkanen M, Spelbrink JN, Lonnqvist T, Peltonen L. Infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia is caused by recessive mutations in mitochondrial proteins Twinkle and Twinky. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Oct 15;14(20):2981-90. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddi328. Epub 2005 Aug 31.
- Pierce SB, Gulsuner S, Stapleton GA, Walsh T, Lee MK, Mandell JB, Morales A, Klevit RE, King MC, Rogers RC. Infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia caused by compound heterozygosity for Twinkle mutations and modeling of Twinkle mutations causing recessive disease. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud. 2016 Jul;2(4):a001107. doi: 10.1101/mcs.a001107.
- Remtulla S, Emilie Nguyen CT, Prasad C, Campbell C. Twinkle-Associated Mitochondrial DNA Depletion. Pediatr Neurol. 2019 Jan;90:61-65. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.08.007. Epub 2018 Aug 9.
- Sukhudyan B, Gevorgyan A, Sarkissian A, Boltshauser E. Expanding phenotype of mitochondrial depletion syndrome in association with TWNK mutations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2019 May;23(3):537-540. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.02.002. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
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