Androgenetic alopecia
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Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and women. In men, it is also known as male pattern baldness, and in women, it is also known as female pattern hair loss.
Descrição
Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and women. In men, it is also known as male pattern baldness, and in women, it is also known as female pattern hair loss.
In men, hair is lost in a well-defined pattern, beginning above both temples. Over time, the hairline moves back (recedes) to form a characteristic "M" shape. Hair also thins at the top of the head (vertex or crown), often progressing to partial or complete baldness.
The pattern of hair loss in women differs from male-pattern baldness. In women, the hair becomes thinner at the top of the head, and the middle part widens. The hairline does not typically recede. Androgenetic alopecia in women rarely leads to total baldness.
Androgenetic alopecia in men has been associated with several other medical conditions, including coronary heart disease and enlargement of the prostate. Additionally, prostate cancer, disorders of insulin resistance (such as diabetes and obesity), and high blood pressure (hypertension) have been related to androgenetic alopecia.
In women, this form of hair loss is associated with an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is characterised by a hormonal imbalance that can lead to irregular menstruation, acne, excess hair elsewhere on the body (hirsutism), and weight gain.
Padrões de herança
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Pattern unknown. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Androgenic alopecia
Female pattern baldness
Female-pattern hair loss
Male pattern alopecia
Perda de cabelo padrão masculino
Male-pattern baldness
Pattern baldness
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
Calvície masculina
Male pattern baldness is the common type of hair loss that develops in most men at some stage. The medical term for this is androgenetic alopecia. It usually takes 15-25 years to go bald, but can be quicker. Typically, at first the hair begins to thin (recede) at the sides (temples). At the same time, the hair usually becomes thin on the top of.
Patient information leaflet
Alopecia areata
Alopecia areata is a condition where patches of hair loss develop, usually on the head. In some cases, total baldness develops. Diffuse alope... The hair loss is more widespread than in typical alopecia areata and is generalised but not complete. Diffuse alopecia areata is either caused by excessive hair shedding ( telogen effluvium ) or hair.
Patient information leaflet
Problemas embaraçosos
Anogenital (anal or genital) warts Anogenital warts are small lumps that develop on the genitals and/or around the back passage (anus). Hair loss (baldness ou alopecia) Male pattern baldness affects over half of men to some extent over the age of 50 and affects most men at some stage in their lives. Typically, at first the... Alopecia areata is.
Patient information leaflet
Lúpus discóide
Discoid lupus is a rare skin condition but it is very long-lasting. It is usually sensitive to sunlight and causes scarring when the lesions heal. What is discoid lupus. Those with widespread skin involvement are more likely to develop SLE, although the overall risk is still low. DLE may be associated with other problems such as Raynaud’s.
Patient information leaflet
Sífilis
Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by a germ (bacterium) called Treponema pallidum. There are several stages of syphilis. Condylomata lata are wart-like growths that may develop aro... A feeling of 'unwellness' (general malaise) and tiredness (lethargy). Patchy hair loss (alopecia) pode occur but is not that common. Most commonly, syphilis.
Patient information leaflet
Lúpus
What is lupus. Lupus is a persistent (chronic) disease that causes inflammation in various parts of the body. The severity of lupus ranges from mild to severe. The blood vessels just unde... Mouth ulcers Mouth ulcers are more common in people with lupus. Lúpus e hair loss Some hair may fall out (alopecia). Any hair loss tends to be minor and.
Leitura adicional e referências
- Androgenetic alopecia; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Amoretti A, Laydner H, Bergfeld W. Androgenetic alopecia and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Jun;68(6):937-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.11.034. Epub 2013 Feb 8.
- Cousen P, Messenger A. Female pattern hair loss in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 2010 May;162(5):1135-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09661.x. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
- Hillmer AM, Hanneken S, Ritzmann S, Becker T, Freudenberg J, Brockschmidt FF, Flaquer A, Freudenberg-Hua Y, Jamra RA, Metzen C, Heyn U, Schweiger N, Betz RC, Blaumeiser B, Hampe J, Schreiber S, Schulze TG, Hennies HC, Schumacher J, Propping P, Ruzicka T, Cichon S, Wienker TF, Kruse R, Nothen MM. Genetic variation in the human androgen receptor gene is the major determinant of common early-onset androgenetic alopecia. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Jul;77(1):140-8. doi: 10.1086/431425. Epub 2005 May 18.
- Levy-Nissenbaum E, Bar-Natan M, Frydman M, Pras E. Confirmation of the association between male pattern baldness and the androgen receptor gene. Eur J Dermatol. 2005 Sep-Oct;15(5):339-40.
- Quinn M, Shinkai K, Pasch L, Kuzmich L, Cedars M, Huddleston H. Prevalence of androgenic alopecia in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and characterization of associated clinical and biochemical features. Fertil Steril. 2014 Apr;101(4):1129-34. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
- Schweiger ES, Boychenko O, Bernstein RM. Update on the pathogenesis, genetics and medical treatment of patterned hair loss. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010 Nov;9(11):1412-9.
- Yazdan P. Update on the genetics of androgenetic alopecia, female pattern hair loss, and alopecia areata: implications for molecular diagnostic testing. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2012 Dec;31(4):258-66. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2012.08.003.
- Zhuo FL, Xu W, Wang L, Wu Y, Xu ZL, Zhao JY. Androgen receptor gene polymorphisms and risk for androgenetic alopecia: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2012 Mar;37(2):104-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04186.x. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
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