Kearns-Sayre syndrome
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Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a condition that affects many parts of the body, especially the eyes. The features of Kearns-Sayre syndrome usually appear before age 20, and the condition is diagnosed by a few characteristic signs and symptoms. People with Kearns-Sayre syndrome have progressive external ophthalmoplegia, which is weakness or paralysis of the eye muscles that impairs eye movement and causes drooping eyelids (ptosis). Affected individuals also have an eye condition called pigmentary retinopathy, which results from breakdown (degeneration) of the light-sensing tissue at the back of the eye (the retina) that gives it a speckled and streaked appearance. The retinopathy may cause loss of vision. In addition, people with Kearns-Sayre syndrome have at least one of the following signs or symptoms: abnormalities of the electrical signals that control the heartbeat (cardiac conduction defects), problems with coordination and balance that cause unsteadiness while walking (ataxia), or abnormally high levels of protein in the fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord (the cerebrospinal fluid or CSF).
Descrição
Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a condition that affects many parts of the body, especially the eyes. The features of Kearns-Sayre syndrome usually appear before age 20, and the condition is diagnosed by a few characteristic signs and symptoms. People with Kearns-Sayre syndrome have progressive external ophthalmoplegia, which is weakness or paralysis of the eye muscles that impairs eye movement and causes drooping eyelids (ptosis). Affected individuals also have an eye condition called pigmentary retinopathy, which results from breakdown (degeneration) of the light-sensing tissue at the back of the eye (the retina) that gives it a speckled and streaked appearance. The retinopathy may cause loss of vision. In addition, people with Kearns-Sayre syndrome have at least one of the following signs or symptoms: abnormalities of the electrical signals that control the heartbeat (cardiac conduction defects), problems with coordination and balance that cause unsteadiness while walking (ataxia), or abnormally high levels of protein in the fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord (the cerebrospinal fluid or CSF).
People with Kearns-Sayre syndrome may also experience muscle weakness in their limbs, deafness, kidney problems, or a deterioration of cognitive functions (dementia). Affected individuals often have short stature. In addition, diabetes mellitus is occasionally seen in people with Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
When the muscle cells of affected individuals are stained and viewed under a microscope, these cells usually appear abnormal. The abnormal muscle cells contain an excess of structures called mitochondria and are known as ragged-red fibers.
A related condition called ophthalmoplegia-plus may be diagnosed if an individual has many of the signs and symptoms of Kearns-Sayre syndrome but not all the criteria are met.
Padrões de herança
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: mitochondrial. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Other names
Kearns-Sayre mitochondrial cytopathy
KSS
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Leitura adicional e referências
- Kearns-Sayre syndrome; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Goldstein A, Falk MJ. Single Large-Scale Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Syndromes. 2003 Dec 17 [updated 2023 Sep 28]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1203/
- Graeber MB, Muller U. Recent developments in the molecular genetics of mitochondrial disorders. J Neurol Sci. 1998 Jan 8;153(2):251-63. doi: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)00295-5.
- Porteous WK, James AM, Sheard PW, Porteous CM, Packer MA, Hyslop SJ, Melton JV, Pang CY, Wei YH, Murphy MP. Bioenergetic consequences of accumulating the common 4977-bp mitochondrial DNA deletion. Eur J Biochem. 1998 Oct 1;257(1):192-201. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2570192.x.
- Schroder R, Vielhaber S, Wiedemann FR, Kornblum C, Papassotiropoulos A, Broich P, Zierz S, Elger CE, Reichmann H, Seibel P, Klockgether T, Kunz WS. New insights into the metabolic consequences of large-scale mtDNA deletions: a quantitative analysis of biochemical, morphological, and genetic findings in human skeletal muscle. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2000 May;59(5):353-60. doi: 10.1093/jnen/59.5.353.
- Sciacco M, Bonilla E, Schon EA, DiMauro S, Moraes CT. Distribution of wild-type and common deletion forms of mtDNA in normal and respiration-deficient muscle fibers from patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jan;3(1):13-9. doi: 10.1093/hmg/3.1.13.
- Yamashita S, Nishino I, Nonaka I, Goto YI. Genotype and phenotype analyses in 136 patients with single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions. J Hum Genet. 2008;53(7):598. doi: 10.1007/s10038-008-0289-8. Epub 2008 Apr 15.
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