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Lion's Head Casserole (Shih Tzu Tou)

This traditional Lion's Head casserole, known as shih tzu tou, is a spectacular Chinese classic that brings warmth and theatre to the dinner table. The name stems from the oversized, succulent pork meatballs which, when nestled amongst ruffled leaves of Napa cabbage, resemble the head and mane of a Chinese guardian lion. This high-protein dish is defined by its melt-in-the-mouth texture, achieved by a gentle braising process that allows the pork to absorb the savoury ginger and soy-infused broth.

Perfect for a weekend project or a celebratory family meal, this comforting casserole is surprisingly light despite its impressive appearance. The addition of water chestnuts provides a delightful crunch, contrasting beautifully with the silky cabbage and rich meat. Serve this homemade masterpiece in shallow bowls over steaming white rice to capture every drop of the aromatic sauce. It is a nourishing, heart-warming meal that celebrates the depth of authentic Shanghainese flavours.

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Ingredients for Lion's Head Casserole (Shih Tzu Tou)

  • 8 large dried shiitake mushrooms (20g)

  • 475ml de água fervente

  • 450g pork mince butt (not lean)

  • 1 large bunch spring onions (white and pale green parts only), finely chopped

  • 6 large fresh water chestnuts, peeled and finely chopped, or 10 canned whole water chestnuts, rinsed, drained, and finely chopped

  • 1 tablespoon Chinese rice wine (preferably Shaoxing) or medium-dry Sherry

  • 2 teaspoons Asian sesame oil

  • 1 colher de chá de açúcar

  • 2 tablespoons finely chopped peeled fresh ginger

  • 2 colheres de sopa de molho de soja

  • 1 1/4 colheres de chá de sal

  • 1 (2 1/2- to 3-pound) head Napa cabbage

  • 2/3 cup peanut or vegetable oil

  • 1 colher de sopa de amido de milho

  • 1/4 colher de chá de pimenta preta

  • Caldo de galinha com redução de sódio de 475ml (16 onças fluidas)

  • Accompaniment: steamed white rice

  • a well-seasoned 14-inch flat-bottomed wok

Cover mushrooms with boiling-hot water (475ml ) in a bowl and let stand 30 minutes, then squeeze excess water from mushrooms and reserve 240ml mushroom-soaking liquid (discard remainder or reserve for another use). Discard mushroom stems and cut caps into very thin slices.

Meanwhile, mix together pork, spring onions, water chestnuts, rice wine, sesame oil, sugar, 1 tablespoon ginger, 1 tablespoon soy sauce, and 1/2 teaspoons salt in a large bowl with your hands. Gather together pork mixture and throw against bottom or side of bowl 5 or 6 times to firm texture, then chill, covered, until ready to use.

Remove and reserve 4 large cabbage leaves. Halve cabbage head lengthwise, then cut out and discard core. Cut cabbage halves crosswise into 2-inch-wide pieces.

Heat wok over high heat until a drop of water evaporates instantly. Swirl 2 tablespoons peanut oil to coat bottom and sides of wok, then stir-fry mushrooms, half of cabbage, and remaining tablespoon ginger until cabbage begins to wilt, 1 to 2 minutes. Add remaining cabbage and 3/4 teaspoons salt and stir-fry until all of cabbage has begun to wilt, about 3 minutes. Add reserved soaking liquid (1 cup) and continue stir-frying until cabbage is wilted, about 3 minutes. Transfer mixture to a 4-quart clay pot or a 4- to 5-quart heavy pot, arranging evenly on bottom. Wipe wok clean with paper towels.

Stir together cornflour, pepper, and remaining tablespoon soy sauce in a small bowl until smooth.

Divide pork mixture into quarters, then coat your hands with some of cornflour mixture. Form 4 large meatballs, transferring each as formed to a large plate and then recoating your hands.

Heat wok over high heat until a drop of water evaporates instantly, then pour in remaining peanut oil (enough to measure a scant 1/4 inch in wok). Reduce heat to moderately high and gently arrange meatballs in wok. Fry meatballs, turning gently with tongs or a slotted spoon, until deep golden on all sides, about 5 minutes total (if meatballs stick to wok, add more oil). Transfer with a slotted spoon to paper towels to drain, then arrange on top of cabbage in pot. Add broth, then cover meatballs completely with reserved 4 cabbage leaves. Bring liquid just to a boil, then reduce heat and gently simmer, covered, 1 hour. (Check occasionally to be sure liquid is not boiling vigorously.) Season broth with salt, then move large cabbage leaves around side of pot to resemble a lion's mane. Serve in individual shallow bowls.

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