Vacinas pneumocócicas para adultos e crianças

About pneumococcal vaccines

Pneumococcus is a germ (bacterium) which can cause pneumonia, meningite and some other infections. Pneumococcal infections can affect anybody, but older people and people with long-term medical conditions are at increased risk of developing them. Some pneumococcal infections are more serious than others.

There are two types of vaccine available to protect against pneumococcal infection. One is called pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (Prevenar13®), which is the vaccine used to routinely immunise babies. It can also be given to children and adults.

The second type of vaccine is called pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) (Pneumovax® 23). This vaccine is suitable for the immunisation of adults and of children over 2 years of age.

This leaflet provides information about both types of pneumococcal vaccine (PCV and PPV) when they are used in adults or in children over 2 years of age. There is another separate medicine leaflet called Vacina pneumocócica para bebês e crianças which provides more information about PCV when it is given to babies.

Pneumococcal vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to make antibodies against pneumococcal infections. These antibodies then help protect you from illness should you become infected with pneumococcal bacteria. The vaccines provide protection against many (but not all) types of pneumococcal infection.

Before you are given pneumococcal vaccine, make sure your doctor knows:

• If you have been unwell recently, or if you have a high temperature (fever).

• If you have previously had an allergic reaction to a vaccine or to any other medicine.

• Se você tem uma condição que faz com que você sangre mais do que o normal, como hemofilia.

• If you have a weakened immune system. This may be a result of an illness or taking medicines.

• Se você está grávida ou amamentando.

• Se você estiver tomando outros medicamentos. Isso inclui quaisquer medicamentos que você esteja tomando e que estejam disponíveis para compra sem receita médica, bem como medicamentos fitoterápicos e complementares.

• Before you are given the vaccine, ask to read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet. The manufacturer's leaflet will give you more information about the vaccine and will tell you about any side-effects which you may experience from having it. If you have any questions about the vaccine, ask your doctor or nurse for advice.

• You will be given one dose of the vaccine. It may be given at the same time as some other vaccines, such as the flu (influenza) vaccine, but it will be given as a separate injection.

• Most adults over 65 will be given a single, one-off dose of pneumococcal vaccine. Some people with kidney problems or immune system problems may need a 'booster' dose every five years. Your doctor will advise you on this.

• The vaccine is given by injection into a muscle, or as an injection underneath your skin.

• If you have a high temperature (fever) or if you are acutely unwell at the time of your scheduled immunisation, your doctor or nurse may recommend delaying giving the vaccine. A minor illness (such as a cough, cold or snuffles) will not interfere with the vaccine. If a delay is advised, you will be given an alternative appointment for the vaccination to be given.

• If you have been prescribed antibiotic tablets/capsules to help prevent pneumococcal infections, you should continue to take these as your doctor has prescribed. Do not stop taking your antibiotics because you have been vaccinated.

• If you are particularly at risk of infection (for example, if you have had your spleen removed, or if you are taking medicines that lower your immune response) you may need urgent antibiotic treatment if you suddenly feel unwell with a high temperature. Make an appointment to see your doctor straightaway if this happens.

• In addition to the three routine doses of Prevenar 13® for babies, children who are particularly at risk from pneumococcal infections may need to have a dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) when they are a little older. This may be recommended, for example, for a child who has previously had pneumonia and been admitted to hospital.

Along with their useful effects, vaccines like most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects, although not everyone experiences them. Pneumococcal immunisation often causes no problems, but the table below contains some of the side-effects which may occur. You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with the vaccine. Speak with a doctor or nurse if any of the following side-effects continue or become troublesome.

Normalmente, o médico ou enfermeiro pedirá que você espere alguns minutos após a imunização para garantir que você não reaja mal à vacina. Embora reações alérgicas sejam extremamente raras, você deve procurar aconselhamento médico urgente se sentir falta de ar, ou se qualquer inchaço ou erupção cutânea se desenvolver dentro de alguns dias após a imunização.

Se você sentir quaisquer outros sintomas que acha que podem ser devido à vacina, fale com seu médico ou farmacêutico.