Taquifobia: como lidar com o medo do oceano

What is thalassophobia?

Thalassophobia is an intense fear of deep bodies of water. The word is a merge of two Greek words - thalassa meaning sea, and phobos meaning fear.

As such, thalassophobia is often taken literally to mean a fear of the ocean. In reality, someone with this phobia could also be afraid of large bodies of water such as wide lakes or rivers - any expanse of water that's large and deep.

What are the symptoms of thalassophobia?

Having a specific phobia such as thalassophobia, is a type of ansiedade disorder. For a person with thalassophobia, like other anxiety disorders, it can cause both psychological and physical symptoms.

What causes thalassophobia?

Christopher Paul Jones is a leading phobia specialist at Harley Street Phobia Therapy. He explains that finding the root cause of thalassophobia isn't always straightforward.

"Thalassophobia is usually caused by a bad experience or trauma that was related to water in childhood. However, sometimes it can be related to another phobia, for example a fear of sharks, whales, or wide-open spaces.

"I would never assume that it is as simple as being fearful of water, and getting to the underlying root cause of thalassophobia, just like any phobia for that matter, is vital."

What's more, phobias aren't always caused by a traumatic event, such as a near-drowning experience. There are also other possible factors:

1. Your genes - some people are more inherently likely to develop anxiety disorders like phobias than others¹.

2. How your brain processes fear - if your brain can't process fear properly it may be easier for you to develop a phobia like thalassophobia².

What can trigger thalassophobia?

Having thalassophobia usually means your fear of deep water is so intense that it interferes with your life - even when you're not physically near any water.

"You do not have to be near the actual ocean in order to be triggered," Paul Jones explains. "It could be that you see the ocean on television or hear the sound of waves on a meditation audio. As thalassophobia isn't always as straightforward as a fear of the ocean, there could be all kinds of different triggers."

How is thalassophobia diagnosed?

If you have a fear of the ocean or any deep water that you find is negatively affecting your life, talk to your GP or a phobia specialist. Health professionals classify thalassophobia as a natural environment phobia, and you will be assessed to see:

1. How intense your fear of deep bodies of water is.

2. Whether deep water almost always causes you intense and sudden fear or anxiety.

3. Whether this fear is disproportionate to any actual danger - for example, looking at a photo of the sea may trigger fear even though this poses no risk of harm.

4. Whether you actively avoid certain triggers.

5. Whether the phobia results in clinically significant distress or physical symptoms.

6. How long you've experienced this fear - thalassophobia typically lasts for six months or more.

7. Whether this phobia is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder, such as transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) ou transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC).

How to manage thalassophobia

1. Therapy

According to Paul Jones, the best way to manage thalassophobia is to seek help from a healthcare specialist or mental health professional who can help work out the root cause of your fear or anxiety.

"A therapist will work on releasing the negative emotions attached to your memory of the original incident that is behind the phobia, in order to help prevent you from feeling the same way again."

This is known as terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) - a type of terapia de conversa in which you're coached to retrain your thoughts in order to deal with trauma.

2. Medication

As phobias are anxiety disorders, you and your doctor might decide that anxiety medication may also help improve your quality of life. Medication can be used alongside therapy to help you better manage your emotions, or it could be prescribed to help you through specific situations, for example if you need to get on a boat.

3. Other coping techniques

There are also things you can try in your free time that may help you better deal with your fear of the ocean.

For example, atenção plena and relaxation techniques have helped some people manage anxiety:

• Meditation apps.

• Breathing exercises.

• Journaling.

Healthy habits like eating a healthy, well-balanced diet and regular exercise has also been shown to effectively reduce anxiety, although this should support - and not replace - therapy to help you understand and address your specific phobia.

Leitura adicional

1. Ask et al: Genetic contributions to anxiety disorders: where we are and where we are heading.

2. Garcia: Neurobiology of fear and specific phobias.