Diagnóstico do câncer
Revisado por Dra. Hannah Gronow, MBACPÚltima atualização por Dr Gurvinder Rull, MBBSLast updated 14 Nov 2017
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Seu médico irá examiná-lo para procurar anomalias, como um caroço sob a pele ou um fígado aumentado. Você pode ser encaminhado para exames.
At a glance
Cancer is first suspected from symptoms experienced by a patient.
A doctor will physically examine the patient for abnormalities.
You may be referred for tests such as X-rays, scans, and blood tests.
A biopsy, which is a tissue sample, is often needed to confirm cancer.
The sample is then examined under a microscope for abnormal cells.
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Video picks for Information about cancer
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How is cancer diagnosed?
If a cancer is suspected from your symptoms
Your doctor will examine you to look for abnormalities such as a lump under the skin, or an enlarged liver. You may be referred for tests such as Raios-X, scans, exames de sangue, endoscopia, broncoscopia, etc, depending on where the suspected cancer is situated. These tests can often find the site of a suspected cancer. However, a sample (biopsy) is often needed to be certain that the abnormality is a cancer and not something else - such as a non-cancerous (benign) tumour.
Biópsia
A biópsia is a procedure where a small sample of tissue is removed from a part of the body. The sample is then examined under the microscope or tested in other ways to detect abnormal cells. Sometimes it is easy to obtain a biopsy. For example, from a lump on the skin which may be a skin cancer. However, it can be difficult to obtain a biopsy from deeper tissues and it may require specialised procedures.
Some questions you may want to go through with your doctor
Voltar ao conteúdoIf you have been diagnosed with cancer you will have many questions. The following are some suggested questions that you may wish to go over with your doctor:
What type of cancer do I have?
How large is it and has it spread to other parts of my body?
What are the treatment options for this type of cancer?
What are the risks and possible side-effects of the treatment options?
How successful is the treatment for my type and stage of cancer? Is the aim of treatment to cure or to control the cancer?
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Perguntas frequentes
What happens during a physical examination if cancer is suspected?
If your doctor suspects cancer based on your symptoms, they will examine you to check for any unusual signs. This might include feeling for an abnormal lump under your skin or checking for an enlarged liver.
What types of tests might be used to investigate a suspected cancer?
Depending on where the suspected cancer is located, you might have various tests. These could include X-rays, different types of scans, blood tests, or procedures like endoscopy or bronchoscopy. These tests help locate the suspected area.
Why is a biopsy often needed even after other tests show an abnormality?
Even if other tests identify an abnormal area, a biopsy is frequently necessary to confirm if it is cancer. This is because some abnormalities, like non-cancerous (benign) tumours, can resemble cancerous ones. A biopsy helps definitively determine the nature of the cells.
Is it always easy to get a biopsy sample?
No, obtaining a biopsy can vary in difficulty. For instance, getting a sample from a lump on the skin is often straightforward. However, if the suspected tissue is deeper inside the body, more specialised procedures might be required to get the sample.
Leitura adicional e referências
- Kirkegaard H, Johnsen NF, Christensen J, et al; Associação entre a adesão às recomendações de estilo de vida e o risco de câncer colorretal: um estudo de coorte prospectivo dinamarquês. BMJ. 26 de outubro de 2010;341:c5504. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c5504.
- O que é Câncer?; Instituto Nacional do Câncer
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About the authorView full bio
Dr Gurvinder Rull, MBBS
Autor Médico, Consultor: Farmacologia Clínica, Terapêutica e Medicina Interna Geral
BSC (Hons), MBBS, FRCP, MA (Ética Médica)
Dr Gurvinder Rull qualified in 2000, joining EMIS’s content authoring team (now Patient.info) in 2007.
About the reviewerView full bio
Dr Hannah Gronow, MBACP
Médica Generalista
MB, ChB, MBACP
Hannah qualified as a GP in 1997. She joined EMIS (Patient) as a peer reviewer in August 2006.
Histórico do artigo
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14 Nov 2017 | Última versão
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